Adoption of Health Practices in Rural India

globals [num-adopted num-implementers]
turtles-own [attitude norm control intent last-attitude last-norm last-control last-intent implementer avg-advice-attitude avg-influence-attitude]
directed-link-breed [advice-ties advice-tie]
directed-link-breed [influencer-ties influencer-tie]

to setup
  ca
   
  ;; make sure the input number of turtles is integer
  if num-turtles != floor(num-turtles) [set num-turtles floor(num-turtles)]
  
  ;; create turtles and distribute them
  crt num-turtles [
    ;; color turtles blue - not adopted
    set color blue    
    setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    set shape "person"
    
    set size 0.75 ;; this makes it easier to see
    
    ;; set intent levels based on survey data
    let u1 random-float 1
    if u1 < 0.09 [set intent 1]
    if u1 >= 0.09 and u1 < 0.11 [set intent 2]
    if u1 >= 0.11 and u1 < 0.18 [set intent 3]
    if u1 >= 0.18 and u1 < 0.24 [set intent 4]
    if u1 >= 0.24 and u1 < 0.36 [set intent 5]
    if u1 >= 0.36 and u1 < 0.60 [set intent 6]
    if u1 >= 0.60 [set intent 7]
    
    ;; set attitude levels based on survey data
    let u2 random-float 1
    if u2 < 0.002 [set attitude 1]
    if u2 >= 0.002 and u2 < 0.008 [set attitude 2]
    if u2 >= 0.008 and u2 < 0.03 [set attitude 3]
    if u2 >= 0.03 and u2 < 0.1 [set attitude 4]
    if u2 >= 0.1 and u2 < 0.25 [set attitude 5]
    if u2 >= 0.25 and u2 < 0.54 [set attitude 6]
    if u2 >= 0.54 [set attitude 7]
    
    ;; set norm levels based on survey data
    let u3 random-float 1
    if u3 < 0.02 [set norm 1]
    if u3 >= 0.02 and u3 < 0.04 [set norm 2]
    if u3 >= 0.04 and u3 < 0.08 [set norm 3]
    if u3 >= 0.08 and u3 < 0.18 [set norm 4]
    if u3 >= 0.18 and u3 < 0.34 [set norm 5]
    if u3 >= 0.34 and u3 < 0.63 [set norm 6]
    if u3 >= 0.63 [set norm 7]
    
    ;; set control levels based on survey data
    let u4 random-float 1
    if u4 < 0.11 [set control 1]
    if u4 >= 0.11 and u4 < 0.19 [set control 2]
    if u4 >= 0.19 and u4 < 0.27 [set control 3]
    if u4 >= 0.27 and u4 < 0.40 [set control 4]
    if u4 >= 0.40 and u4 < 0.57 [set control 5]
    if u4 >= 0.57 and u4 < 0.80 [set control 6]
    if u4 >= 0.80 [set control 7]
    
    ;; set implementer status based on survey data
    let u5 random-float 1
    ifelse u5 < 0.47 [set implementer true set color green] [set implementer false]
    set num-implementers count turtles with [color = green]
    

    
    
  ]
  
  ask turtles [
    ;; create the two types of ties randomly, according to the density of the original network
    ;; use a poisson distribution to represent a power-law type distribution of degree
    ;; this is done in a separate loop so all ties are possible
    create-advice-ties-to n-of (random-poisson (10.52 * num-turtles / 9799)) other turtles [set color yellow set thickness -0.5]    
    create-influencer-ties-to n-of (random-poisson (2.12 * num-turtles / 9799)) other turtles [set color pink set thickness -0.5]  
  ]
  set num-adopted 0
  
 
  reset-ticks
end 

to go
  if not any? turtles with [implementer = true and color = green] [stop]
  if ticks > 200 [stop]
  ask turtles [
    ;; create the mean values of their neighbors attitudes; we differentiate between
    ;; advice ties and influencer ties
    
    ;; by initializing this way, the values won't change when turtles update their
    ;; properties
    let advice-attitude []
    ask out-advice-tie-neighbors [set advice-attitude lput attitude advice-attitude]  
    if not empty? advice-attitude [set avg-advice-attitude mean(advice-attitude)] 
    
    
    let influence-attitude []
    ask out-influencer-tie-neighbors [set influence-attitude lput attitude influence-attitude]    
    if not empty? influence-attitude [set avg-influence-attitude mean(influence-attitude)]
    
    ;; save the current status of beliefs for use later
    set last-attitude attitude
    set last-norm norm
    set last-control control
    set last-intent intent 
  ]
  
  ask turtles [
    ;; if they have not already adopted, adjust their belief systems
    if color != red [
      change-attitude   ;; update attitudes
      change-norm       ;; update normative beliefs
      change-control    ;; update perceived control
      change-intent     ;; update intent
      
      ;; if they have the ability to implement, make change if intent and ability
      ;; are present
      if implementer = true [make-change]  
    ] 
  ]
  
  set num-adopted count turtles with [color = red]
  tick
end 

to change-attitude
  ;; attitude is positively influenced by norms and perception of control
  ;; this is programmed so that if norms or controls are more than attitude, attitude will increase, and vice-versa
  ;; I divided by 12 so that the max change is 1 unit, and multiplied by a random number so that the increase is further surpressed 
  ;; (change will range from 0 to 1 (plus/minus)
  ;; I also cap the values at 1 to 7
   set attitude (last-attitude + (random-float 1.0) * (norm/control-attitude * (last-norm - last-attitude) + (2 - norm/control-attitude) * (last-control - last-attitude)) / 12)
   if attitude > 7 [set attitude 7]
   if attitude < 1 [set attitude 1]
end 

to change-norm
  ;; norm is positively influenced by attitudes and perception of control
  ;; this is programmed so that if attitudes or controls are more than norms, norms will increase, and vice-versa
  ;; perception of norms is also influenced by the attitudes of those in the advice/influence network. in other words, if people you
  ;; get advice from have a positive attitude, that should positive influence your attitude and vice-versa
  ;; I divided by 24 so that the max change is 1 unit, and multiplied by a random number so that the increase is further surpressed 
  ;; (change will range from 0 to 1 (plus/minus)
  ;; I also cap the values at 1 to 7
   set norm (last-norm + (random-float 1.0) * (control/attitude-norm * (last-attitude - last-norm) + (2 - control/attitude-norm) * (last-control - last-norm) + advice/influence-norm * (avg-advice-attitude - last-norm) + (2 - advice/influence-norm) * (avg-influence-attitude - last-norm)) / 24)
   if norm > 7 [set norm 7]
   if norm < 1 [set norm 1]
end 

to change-control
  ;; perception of control is positively influenced by norms and attitudes
  ;; this is programmed so that if norms or attitudes are more than perceived control, control will increase, and vice-versa
  ;; I divided by 12 so that the max change is 1 unit, and multiplied by a random number so that the increase is further surpressed 
  ;; (change will range from 0 to 1 (plus/minus)
  ;; I also cap the values at 1 to 7
   set control (last-control + (random-float 1.0) * (attitude/norm-control * (last-attitude - last-control) + (2 - attitude/norm-control) * (last-norm - last-control)) / 12)
   if control > 7 [set control 7]
   if control < 1 [set control 1]
end 

to change-intent
  ;; intent is positively influenced by all of attitudes, norms, and perceived control
  ;; I divided by 18 so that the max change is 1 unit, and multiplied by a random number so that the increase is further surpressed 
  ;; (change will range from 0 to 1 (plus/minus)
  ;; I also cap the values at 1 to 7
   set intent (last-intent + (random-float 1.0) * ( attitude-intent * (last-attitude - last-intent) + norm-intent * (last-norm - last-intent) + (3 - attitude-intent - norm-intent) * (last-control - last-intent)) / 18)
   if intent > 7 [set intent 7]
   if intent < 1 [set intent 1]
end 

to make-change
  ;; to make adoption "hard", I incorporated what effectively functions as a threshold
  ;; in other words, change can only occur if someone perceives themselves to have high control, and have high intent
  ;; then, there is still a random component; the number 0.47 is drawn from the adoption rate in the base dataset
  if control >= control-threshold [
    if intent >= intent-threshold [
      if random-float 1 < 0.5 [set color red]  ;; indicate adoption via changing the color
    ]
  ] 
end