Income-Spatial dynamics of informal neighborhoods

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MODEL SCOPE

This is an exploratory model to show how houses in the informal settlement can become better by connecting to the infrastructure network. Income is taken as property for households to choose to move to some affordable housing or move out from the place, creating space for building infrastructure networks and serving growing populating. The dynamics of growth, migration, and choices by income are explored in this model.

This is a model simulates the way to create access networks (i.e creating roads) without evicting any single household for better distribution of urban services in the neighborhood. This model assumes income as people's choice to move to an affordable house on formal land and move out of the neighborhood when becoming rich.

This model allows you to input initial houses and their income growth per tick and growth of houses per tick and income-threshold for moving to affordable formal land. And at what income household will be called a rich person.

Agents and their properties and their action

There are two breeds of agents in the model with the following properties

Roads :

Roads create more roads to its left, right, top, bottom patches and remove itself if there are more than 5 road units in its neighboring patches.

Households :

Households are houses in the model, households have properties as

a. income :

income make choice to move to affordable housing (income-threshold) or move out from neighborhood (rich-person)

b. color :

brown color denotes houses not connected to roads(i.e infrastructure network) and pink color denoted houses connected to infrastructure network or in affordable housing and pink houses don't move to affordable housing

Environment

The environment is created by setting up formal patches (for affordable housing) in green, informal patches in blue, boundary roads (mainways) patches in black, roads in informal patches creates a road unit to its left or right or top or bottom creating a network of roads to reach more houses inside the neighborhood, and houses turn their color pink (removes its choice to move to affordable housing) when connected to roads.

Order of Events

In SETUP Procedure

Creating everything previously on world
Setting formal patches with color green
Setting informal patches with the color blue
Setting boundary roads (mainways) with color black
Creating roads on all mainway patches
Creating some road units inside the boundary of informal patches
Creating an initial number of houses in informal settlement by taking input form slider and setting their income between 15 to 45
Setting labels for show-income switch
Resetting tick to 0

In GO procedure

Households increase income as income-growth ranging from -2 to +2
Rich households are removed from the neighborhood
Households connected to roads are turned pink
Households connected to roads are turned pink
Households move to formal patch if they cross income-thresholds and place is available
roads created roads on their right, left, top, bottom empty patches
roads remove itself if there are more than 5 road units on its neighbors
More households are being added from in-rate as space available
houses connected to roads turn pink
houses not connected to roads are turned brown

Inputs and Outputs

Inputs

initial-population creates initial number of housholds in the neighborhood

income-growth increases income ranging from -2 to +2

income-threshold Income above which households move to affordable Housing (formal-patches)

rich-person Income at which households move out form neighborhood (i.e die in NetLogo language)

show-income switch displays income labels of each households

Outputs

Initially, there will be no houses on formal patches as many households haven't reached income-threshold to afford to move to these patches

There won't be many roads build for few steps if the initial population is too high.

There will period of bumps that stimulate road growth as a large set of households became rich together and in-rate don't fill that gap

Lower in-rate and higher income-growth completes the model faster.

There will be a period of a constantcy when formal-patches are filled and many of their household hasn't become rich enough to move out in a big bunch.

...

WHAT IS IT?

HOW IT WORKS?

There is a total of 1120 informal patches surrounded by roads and 111 formal patches for affordable housing.

Initial no. of houses are created from the initial-population slider and with their income ranging between 15 and 45 in the informal settlement and some units of roads randomly on borders in informal settlement to start building road inside the place.

At each time step

Household updates their income according to income-growth input. This income growth is distributed randomly between -2 to +2 of income growth to households.
Households whose income is greater than rich-person move out from this place (i.e. die in NetLogo language)
Households who are adjacent to roads turn their color pink as they are connected to an infrastructure network
Households whose income is greater than income-threshold and not connected to infrastructure (i.e roads) decides to move to formal patches and turns their color pink as they are connected to an infrastructure network for urban services
Roads on the informal patches create a unit of the road on their empty one of the neighboring left, right, top, down patch
Roads remove itself if there are more than 5 road units on its neighboring patches
New Households takes empty places in the neighborhood according to in-rate input (no. of new houses build on each tick ) with their income range between 15 to 45 and turns their color pink if they are connected to infrastructure network (i.e roads)

HOW TO USE IT

Please ensure origin is set at the bottom left corner with max-pxcor max-pycor as 36 36 respectively.

Set initial-population to create an initial number of houses on Setup

Press SETUP to create an initial state of the neighborhood.

Press Go Once to go one tick forward.

Press Go to completely stimulate code forever.

The income-growth slider inputs income growth of each household on each tick

The income-threshold slider input sets threshold income for entering affordable housing place (i.e formal-patches)

The rich-person slider input sets income at which household will move out of the place (i.e removes itself) (i.e die in NetLogo language)

Show-Income switch shows the income of each household

THINGS TO NOTICE

Initially, there will be no houses on formal patches as many households haven't reached income-threshold to afford to move to these patches

There won't be many roads build for few steps if the initial population is too high.

There will period of bumps that stimulate road growth as a large set of households became rich together and in-rate don't fill that gap

Lower in-rate and higher income-growth completes the model faster.

There will be a period of a constant when formal-patches are filled and their household hasn't become rich enough to move out.

THINGS TO TRY

Try increasing income-growth to see how faster it increases roads (infrastructure network) Try reducing income-threshold with and without changing rich-person value. Try with lower and higher initial-population and see how it affects dynamics. Try lower and higher in-rate to see how it affects overall dynamics

EXTENDING THE MODEL

You may have noticed the model is resulted in making more roads than needed. If you find a way to solve this you can mail me at aashish436521@gmail.com

RELATED MODELS

This model is inpired by Schellings Segregation model, El Farol bar model.

Comments and Questions

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Click to Run Model

breed [roads road]
breed [households household]

households-own [ income ]

globals [
  formal-patches          ;; agentset of green patches representing the formal sites
  informal-patches        ;; agentset of blue patches representing the informal site
  mainways                ;; agentset for roads surronding informal-patches
]

to setup
  ca
  set-default-shape households "house"
  set-default-shape roads "square 2"


  set formal-patches patches with [pxcor < 3]
  ask formal-patches [ set pcolor green ]

  set informal-patches patches with [pxcor > 3 and pycor > 0 and pxcor < 36 and pycor < 36]
  ask informal-patches [ set pcolor blue ]

  set mainways patches with [pcolor = black]
                                      ;; creating formal patches and informal patches and boundary roads patches

  create-roads 138 [move-to-empty-one-of mainways]
  create-roads 5 [setxy 4 random 36]
  create-roads 5 [setxy 35 random 36]
  create-roads 5 [setxy random 36 1]
  create-roads 5 [setxy random 36 35]
  ask roads [if pcolor = green [die]]
  ask roads [set color grey]
                                       ;; creating roads agents as single line

  create-households initial-population [ set color brown
    move-to-empty-one-of informal-patches
    set income random 30 + 15
  ]                                  ;; creating intial houses as slider
                                     ;; creating inital income for households

  display-labels
  reset-ticks
end 

to move-to-empty-one-of [locations]                  ;; turtle procedure
  move-to one-of locations
  while [any? other turtles-here] [
    move-to one-of locations
  ]
end 

to go


  ask households [
    set income income + income-growth + 2 - random 5   ;distributing growth in range of numbers
  ]                                                   ;; distribute income in household as per income gowth

  ask households [
    if income > rich-person [
      die]
  ]                                                    ;; remove rich households from model


  ask households [if count roads-on neighbors4 >= 1 [set color pink]]



  ifelse (111 - count turtles-on formal-patches) > (count households with [income > income-threshold and color = 35])  [
    ask households [if color = brown [
      if income > income-threshold  [
        set color pink
        move-to-empty-one-of formal-patches]
  ]]]
  [ask n-of (111 - count turtles-on formal-patches) (households with [income > income-threshold and color = 35])
      [
        set color pink
          move-to-empty-one-of formal-patches]]   ; move household to formal patch acc to income threshold


  ask roads [if pcolor = blue [
    if count turtles-on neighbors4 < 4 [
      if count roads-on neighbors4 <= 3 [
        hatch-roads 1 [
          move-to-empty-one-of neighbors4
          set color grey
        ]
      ] ] ] ]


  ask roads [
    if pcolor = blue [
      if (count roads-on neighbors > 5) [die]
    ]
  ]


 ifelse in-rate < (1120 - count turtles-on informal-patches) [             ;; in-rate is less than vacant place
    create-households in-rate [
    set color brown
    move-to-empty-one-of informal-patches
    set income random 15 + 15                                                ;; add household from in rate
  ]] [ create-households (1120 - count turtles-on informal-patches) [
    set color brown
    move-to-empty-one-of informal-patches
    set income random 15 + 15                                               ;; add household from in rate
  ]]

  ask households [if count roads-on neighbors4 >= 1 [set color pink]]
  ask households [if pcolor = blue [
    if count roads-on neighbors4 = 0 [set color brown]]]

  if count households with [color = 35] = 0 [stop]


  display-labels

  tick
end 

to display-labels
  ask households [ set label "" ]
  if show-income [
    ask households [ set label round income ]
  ]
end

There is only one version of this model, created over 5 years ago by Aashish Panwar.

Attached files

File	Type	Description	Last updated
Income-Spatial dynamics of informal neighborhoods.png	preview	Preview for 'Income-Spatial dynamics of informal neighborhoods'	over 5 years ago, by Aashish Panwar	Download

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